Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer develops in the ovaries, the reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones. It can be difficult to detect in its early stages because the symptoms may be mild or resemble common digestive or menstrual problems.

Common Symptoms

Persistent bloating or abdominal swelling

Pelvic or abdominal pain

Feeling full quickly or loss of appetite

Changes in bowel or bladder habits

Frequent or urgent urination

Unexplained weight loss or gain

Persistent fatigue

Changes in menstrual patterns or unusual vaginal bleeding

Risk Factors

Risk may be influenced by:

Increasing age

Family history of ovarian or breast cancer

Inherited genetic changes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2

Certain hereditary cancer syndromes

Endometriosis

Some reproductive and hormonal factors

Diagnosis

Evaluation may include:

Pelvic examination

Ultrasound

CT or MRI scans when required

Blood tests, including CA-125 in appropriate situations

Biopsy or surgical evaluation to confirm the diagnosis

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type and stage of ovarian cancer and may include:

Surgery

Chemotherapy

Targeted therapy

Maintenance therapies such as PARP inhibitors in selected patients

Other systemic treatments when appropriate

Importance of Early Evaluation

There is no single routine screening test recommended for ovarian cancer in women at average risk. Persistent or unusual abdominal, pelvic, urinary, or digestive symptoms should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare professional.

Early diagnosis can help guide timely and appropriate treatment.