Breast cancer is a cancer that develops when abnormal cells in the breast grow uncontrollably. It can occur in women and, less commonly, in men. Early detection and timely treatment can significantly improve treatment outcomes.
Common Symptoms
A new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm
Change in breast size or shape
Changes in the skin of the breast, such as dimpling or redness
Nipple turning inward
Unusual nipple discharge, particularly bloody discharge
Persistent pain or discomfort in the breast
Changes in the appearance of the nipple or surrounding skin
Risk Factors
Risk can be influenced by:
Increasing age
Family history of breast or ovarian cancer
Certain inherited genetic changes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2
Previous exposure to chest radiation
Hormonal and reproductive factors
Excess body weight and alcohol consumption
Diagnosis
Breast cancer evaluation may include:
Clinical breast examination
Mammography
Breast ultrasound
Breast MRI in selected cases
Biopsy to confirm cancer
Additional tests to determine the type and stage when required
Treatment
Treatment is individualized based on the type and stage of cancer and other patient-specific factors. Options may include:
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Hormone therapy
Targeted therapy
Immunotherapy in selected cases
Importance of Early Detection
Regular breast awareness and recommended screening can help detect breast cancer earlier. Any new breast lump or persistent breast change should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare professional rather than ignored.
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