Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a cancer that develops when abnormal cells in the breast grow uncontrollably. It can occur in women and, less commonly, in men. Early detection and timely treatment can significantly improve treatment outcomes.

Common Symptoms

A new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm

Change in breast size or shape

Changes in the skin of the breast, such as dimpling or redness

Nipple turning inward

Unusual nipple discharge, particularly bloody discharge

Persistent pain or discomfort in the breast

Changes in the appearance of the nipple or surrounding skin

Risk Factors

Risk can be influenced by:

Increasing age

Family history of breast or ovarian cancer

Certain inherited genetic changes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2

Previous exposure to chest radiation

Hormonal and reproductive factors

Excess body weight and alcohol consumption

Diagnosis

Breast cancer evaluation may include:

Clinical breast examination

Mammography

Breast ultrasound

Breast MRI in selected cases

Biopsy to confirm cancer

Additional tests to determine the type and stage when required

Treatment

Treatment is individualized based on the type and stage of cancer and other patient-specific factors. Options may include:

Surgery

Chemotherapy

Radiation therapy

Hormone therapy

Targeted therapy

Immunotherapy in selected cases

Importance of Early Detection

Regular breast awareness and recommended screening can help detect breast cancer earlier. Any new breast lump or persistent breast change should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare professional rather than ignored.