Colon Cancer

Colon cancer is a type of colorectal cancer that begins in the large intestine (colon). It often develops from small growths called polyps, some of which can gradually become cancerous. Detecting and removing precancerous polyps can help prevent colorectal cancer.

Common Symptoms

Change in bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation

Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding

Persistent abdominal pain, cramps, or bloating

Feeling that the bowel does not empty completely

Unexplained weight loss

Persistent tiredness or weakness

Iron-deficiency anemia

Risk Factors

Risk can increase with:

Increasing age

Family history of colorectal cancer or polyps

Certain inherited genetic conditions

Inflammatory bowel disease

Smoking

Excess body weight

Low physical activity

Diet high in processed or red meat

Diagnosis & Screening

Depending on age and individual risk, screening may include stool-based tests or colonoscopy. If an abnormality is found, a colonoscopy and biopsy may be used to confirm cancer. CT and other imaging tests may be performed to determine the stage.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the stage, location, and characteristics of the cancer and may include:

Surgery

Chemotherapy

Targeted therapy

Immunotherapy

Radiation therapy in selected colorectal cancers

Early Detection Matters

Colon cancer may be highly treatable when detected early. Regular colorectal cancer screening and prompt evaluation of persistent bowel changes or blood in the stool can help with early detection and prevention.