Larynx Cancer

Laryngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that develops in the larynx (voice box). The larynx plays an important role in breathing, swallowing, and producing the voice. Early diagnosis can provide more treatment options and improve outcomes.

Common Symptoms

Persistent hoarseness or change in voice

Sore throat that does not go away

Pain or difficulty while swallowing

Persistent cough

Ear pain without an obvious ear problem

Difficulty breathing

A lump or swelling in the neck

Unexplained weight loss

Risk Factors

Important risk factors include:

Tobacco and smoking

Heavy alcohol consumption

Combined tobacco and alcohol use

Certain occupational exposures

Previous radiation exposure to the neck

Diagnosis

A doctor may perform a throat and neck examination followed by laryngoscopy, imaging such as CT or MRI, and a biopsy if an abnormal area is identified.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the location, stage, size, and overall health of the patient. It may include:

Surgery

Radiation therapy

Chemotherapy

Targeted therapy

Immunotherapy

A combination of treatments

Whenever possible, treatment may aim not only to control the cancer but also to preserve important functions such as speech, swallowing, and breathing.

When to See a Doctor

Hoarseness lasting more than a few weeks, difficulty swallowing, breathing problems, or a persistent neck lump should be medically evaluated. Early assessment can help identify laryngeal cancer at a more treatable stage.