ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer develops in the ovaries, the reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones. It can be difficult to detect in its early stages because the symptoms may be mild or resemble common digestive or menstrual problems. Common Symptoms Persistent bloating or abdominal swelling Pelvic or abdominal pain Feeling full quickly or loss of appetite Changes in bowel or bladder habits Frequent or urgent urination Unexplained weight loss or gain Persistent fatigue Changes in menstrual patterns or unusual vaginal bleeding Risk Factors Risk may be influenced by: Increasing age Family history of ovarian or breast cancer Inherited genetic changes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 Certain hereditary cancer syndromes Endometriosis Some reproductive and hormonal factors Diagnosis Evaluation may include: Pelvic examination Ultrasound CT or MRI scans when required Blood tests, including CA-125 in appropriate situations Biopsy or surgical evaluation to confirm the diagnosis Treatment Treatment depends on the type and stage of ovarian cancer and may include: Surgery Chemotherapy Targeted therapy Maintenance therapies such as PARP inhibitors in selected patients Other systemic treatments when appropriate Importance of Early Evaluation There is no single routine screening test recommended for ovarian cancer in women at average risk. Persistent or unusual abdominal, pelvic, urinary, or digestive symptoms should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare professional. Early diagnosis can help guide timely and appropriate treatment.